These can range from issues like marijuana legalization to abortion or tax measures. While most laws are passed by state legislatures or Congress, many states put some questions directly to voters during elections. What is a ballot initiative? How does a state decide to put one on the ballot? State officials and courts have the official say. It is a projection, however, and not the final word. Using a mix of many factors, including current and previous election results, real-time exit polling, recent opinion polls, voter registration data and more, CNN's decision desk is frequently able to reliably project that a candidate has received enough support to win. If there is any chance of an upset, CNN will refrain from projecting a race. Based on previous election results, exit polling, recent opinion polls, early voter turnout and other factors, it is sometimes possible to see that one particular candidate will win a race. How can CNN project a race without any votes in? A mayoral candidate is down ballot from a House candidate. A candidate for the House, for example, is down ballot from a presidential candidate. Candidates in more local races are down ballot. In a presidential year, those candidates are at the top of the ticket. The top of the ticket is the race that the largest number of people in a state will see on their ballot. They are conducted as voters leave polling stations, on Election Day and in many states at early voting locations, and also by telephone or online ahead of Election Day to account for mail-in and early voting. As those estimates solidify, they can be useful in predicting how many votes remain to be counted.Įxit polls are large-scale polls conducted by a consortium of news organizations among early and absentee voters and voters on Election Day. An estimated vote can under- or overestimate the actual vote, and the percentage reporting may move up or down throughout Election Night depending on how those estimates are adjusted as analysts assess real-time data. That process repeats until a winner emerges.īased on data including turnout in previous elections, pre-election ballots cast or requested, and pre-election polling, organizations can anticipate how many votes are expected in a given election. If no candidate gets more than 50% of the first-place votes, the bottom candidate is dropped and the second choice of the voters who selected that candidate gets those votes. Ranked-choice voting is a system in place for most elections in Maine and Alaska where voters rank their choices in order of preference instead of picking a single candidate. Walorski died in August.Ī number of cities and states are experimenting with ways to give voters more access to the political process and to potentially depolarize politics. This year, there's a special election in Indiana to serve the last couple months of Rep. House members cannot be appointed, so when a House seat becomes vacant there needs to be a special election to fill it. Alex Padilla, who was appointed to replace Vice President Kamala Harris, is running both to fill the remainder of Harris' term (which ends in January) and to win the next term. James Inhofe will be resigning next year, and in California, where Democratic Sen. This year, there are special Senate elections in Oklahoma, where Republican Sen. Mark Kelly of Arizona and Raphael Warnock of Georgia were first elected in 2020 in special elections and why in 2022 both men are running for a full six-year term. Then there's often a chance for voters to have their say, usually at the next possible federal election. When a senator retires, dies or leaves office before his or her term ends, the state's governor usually appoints a placeholder to fill the seat. Two states, New Jersey and Virginia, elect governors in off-year elections the year after a presidential election.Īn incumbent is a lawmaker or elected official running for reelection. Three states, Kentucky, Mississippi and Louisiana, elect governors in off-year elections the year before a presidential election. Most states, 36 of them, hold their governor elections in midterm election years between presidential elections. Two states, New Hampshire and Vermont, elect governors to two-year terms. Forty-eight of the 50 US states elect governors to four-year terms. Why does the number of gubernatorial races fluctuate every cycle?Įach state treats its governors slightly differently. Because of redistricting, nine House seats - including seven new seats where there is no incumbent and two where two incumbents are running against each other - cannot be classified as pickups for either party. A flipped seat or pickup is one in the House or Senate that voters take from one party and entrust to the other party.
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